Fouling in membrane filtration affects performance, especially for dairy processors focusing on higher solids and efficiency. It impacts flux, cleaning frequency, energy use, and membrane lifespan. To improve performance, it's essential to consider feed composition, operating conditions, system design, cleaning practices, and membrane selection.

Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) analysis changes the calculation. It shifts equipment evaluation from a price comparison to a business decision — and it starts with understanding how equipment design drives every cost category that follows purchase.