Development of a membrane filtration application relies on a number of a process and product optimizations which are necessary steps incorporated during the feasibility and scale-up studies. From considerations of the suitable membrane configuration and chemistry to adequate pretreatments, to understanding of the product characteristics and down to the selection of proper mechanical and physicochemical parameters, each of these plays an important role in improving the efficiency of the process and enhancing product quality. Our focus, through this presentation, is to highlight novel and important design and developments that improve the performance of membrane separation processes across a diverse spectrum of food and dairy applications.